Working Principle of High Pressure Cleaning Machine

The high pressure cleaning machine is made up of two parts: booster pump and power drive unit. Usually, the power drive pump converts ordinary water into high pressure and low flow rate water by completing a process of suction and of water, and then conveys it to the high pressure pipeline so that it can reach the high pressure nozzle with certain energy. The aperture of the high pressure nozzle is much smaller than that of the high pressure pipe, so the water reaching the high pressure nozzle must be accelerated to pass through the nozzle. In this way, the nozzle can transform the high pressure and low velocity water into a low pressure and high velocity jet. The size of the water flow is controlled in three ways, by increasing or reducing the inner diameter of the pump head, by lengthening or shortening the stroke of the plunger. by increasing or slowing the reciprocating speed of the plunger. Most high-pressure cleaning machines use a set of valves and pump heads to form a system, plunger pull water intake valve, and pressure through the outlet valve. The valve controls water through the pump by preventing backflow. The valve consists of springs and supports, and the pressure operation is completed due to different pressure differences on both sides of the valve. When the pressure acting on the valve is greater than the capacity of the spring, the valve opens. During the opposite stroke, the water will automatically squeeze the bracket on the seat, keeping the valve closed and preventing backflow.

The surface of the cleaned object (workpiece) is called jet operation. High pressure water jet is the simplest form of energy transformation and application. When the impact force of the high pressure water jet is greater than the adhesion between the dirt and the surface of the object, the dirt will be stripped and washed away, so as to achieve a cleaning equipment for cleaning the surface of the object. High pressure cleaning machine is one of the most scientific, economical and environmentally friendly cleaning methods in the world because it uses high pressure water column to clean dirt.

The composition and failure of cleaning machine:

The heart of the cleaning machine is a high pressure pump, they are in an irreplaceable position, piston pumps are the most common, because they are more efficient and have longer life, pistons are usually made of ceramics very difficult to wear. Piston pumps are usually described as a piston moving forward and backward. Through a fixed seal; and the piston pump seal installed on the plunger, through a smooth cylinder wall, the piston pump usually has better initial use characteristics, but can not run too high pressure and short life. The capacity of the pump depends on the speed of the pump, the pump must make the same amount of water into and out. Not like centrifugal pumps can increase or decrease the flow. The piston pump has a very stable water flow parameter. No matter how high the pressure is, the blockage of the nozzle outlet will cause the pressure of the high pressure pump to be too large. Therefore, the system is equipped with pressure relief valves and other devices.

When the piston moves backward, water is sucked into the seal chamber through the inlet valve, and when the piston moves forward, it forces water to flow through the outlet valve to the outlet of the pump. Most piston pumps are double or triple. The double piston pump requires higher and more stringent system components and operators. The triple pump is the most common form of high pressure cleaning machine because it can produce more stable water flow. High speed pump can produce less pressure loss and less requirement for starting torque. However, it can cause faster wear, less inhalation, sometimes noise and may damage.

90% of the failures of high pressure cleaning machines are usually not due to the pump, the most common faults are caused by the wear of components or components (such as nozzle seals), and the insufficient intake of water in the pump is the primary cause of the early failure of the pump. Cavitation causes small explosion of gas mixed in water to produce overpressure damage and wear on piston surface.